The Europe Antibacterial Glasses Market Research Report Forecast 2017-2021 is a valuable source of insightful data for business strategists. It provides the Antibacterial Glasses industry overview with growth analysis and historical & futuristic cost, revenue, demand and supply data (as applicable). The research analysts provide an elaborate description of the value chain and its distributor analysis. This Antibacterial Glasses market study provides comprehensive data which enhances the understanding, scope and application of this report.
This report provides comprehensive analysis of
Key market segments and sub-segments
Evolving market trends and dynamics
Changing supply and demand scenarios
Quantifying market opportunities through market sizing and market forecasting
Tracking current trends/opportunities/challenges
Competitive insights
Opportunity mapping in terms of technological breakthroughs
Europe Antibacterial Glasses Market Analysis by Countries :
Germany
France
UK
Russia
Italy
Spain
Benelux
The Major players reported in the market include:
AGC Glass Europe
Nippon Sheet Glass (NSG)
Saint Gobain
Corning
Glass Trosch Holding
Vetraria Bergamasca Tecnovetro
Asahi Glass
BUFA
Essex Safety Glass
...
Europe Antibacterial Glasses Market Analysis by Product :
BSI Hybrid
BSI Stacked
BSI
Europe Antibacterial Glasses Market Analysis by Application:
Pharmaceutical
Food and Beverage
Military Equipments
Reasons for Buying this Report
This report provides pin-point analysis for changing competitive dynamics
It provides a forward looking perspective on different factors driving or restraining market growth
It provides a six-year forecast assessed on the basis of how the market is predicted to grow
It helps in understanding the key product segments and their future
It provides pin point analysis of changing competition dynamics and keeps you ahead of competitors
It helps in making informed business decisions by having complete insights of market and by making in-depth analysis of market segments
Europe Antibacterial Glasses Sales Market Report Forecast 2017-2021
1 Antibacterial Glasses Market Overview
1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Antibacterial Glasses
1.2 Classification of Antibacterial Glasses
1.2.1 BSI Hybrid
1.2.2 BSI Stacked
1.2.3 BSI
1.3 Application of Antibacterial Glasses
1.3.2 Pharmaceutical
1.3.3 Food and Beverage
1.3.4 Military Equipments
1.4 Antibacterial Glasses Market States Status and Prospect (2012-2021) by Countries
1.4.1 Germany
1.4.2 France
1.4.3 UK
1.4.4 Russia
1.4.5 Italy
1.4.6 Spain
1.4.7 Benelux
1.5 Europe Market Size (Value and Volume) of Antibacterial Glasses (2012-2021)
1.5.1 Europe Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2021)
1.5.2 Europe Antibacterial Glasses Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2021)
2 Europe Economic Impact on Antibacterial Glasses Industry
2.1 Europe Macroeconomic Analysis
2.2 Europe Macroeconomic Environment Development Trend
3 Antibacterial Glasses Manufacturing Cost Analysis
3.1 Antibacterial Glasses Key Raw Materials Analysis
3.1.1 Key Raw Materials
3.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
3.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
3.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
3.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
3.2.1 Raw Materials
3.2.2 Labor Cost
3.2.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Antibacterial Glasses
4 Industrial Chain, Sourcing Strategy and Downstream Buyers
4.1 Antibacterial Glasses Industrial Chain Analysis
4.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
4.3 Raw Materials Sources of Antibacterial Glasses Major Manufacturers in 2015
4.4 Downstream Buyers
5 Europe Antibacterial Glasses Market Analysis by Manufacturers, Type and Application
5.1 Europe Antibacterial Glasses Market Competition by Manufacturers
5.1.1 Europe Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Market Share of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
5.1.2 Europe Antibacterial Glasses Revenue and Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
5.2 Europe Antibacterial Glasses (Volume and Value) by Type
5.2.1 Europe Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
5.2.2 Europe Antibacterial Glasses Revenue and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
5.3 Europe Antibacterial Glasses (Volume and Value) by Countries
5.3.1 Europe Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Market Share by Countries (2012-2017)
5.3.2 Europe Antibacterial Glasses Revenue and Market Share by Countries (2012-2017)
5.4 Europe Antibacterial Glasses (Volume) by Application
6 Germany Antibacterial Glasses (Volume, Value and Sales Price)
6.1 Germany Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Value (2012-2017)
6.1.1 Germany Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
6.1.2 Germany Antibacterial Glasses Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
6.1.3 Germany Antibacterial Glasses Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
6.2 Germany Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
6.3 Germany Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Market Share by Type
6.4 Germany Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Market Share by Application
7 France Antibacterial Glasses (Volume, Value and Sales Price)
7.1 France Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Value (2012-2017)
7.1.1 France Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
7.1.2 France Antibacterial Glasses Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
7.1.3 France Antibacterial Glasses Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
7.2 France Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
7.3 France Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Market Share by Type
7.4 France Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Market Share by Application
8 UK Antibacterial Glasses (Volume, Value and Sales Price)
8.1 UK Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Value (2012-2017)
8.1.1 UK Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
8.1.2 UK Antibacterial Glasses Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
8.1.3 UK Antibacterial Glasses Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
8.2 UK Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
8.3 UK Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Market Share by Type
8.4 UK Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Market Share by Application
9 Russia Antibacterial Glasses (Volume, Value and Sales Price)
9.1 Russia Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Value (2012-2017)
9.1.1 Russia Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
9.1.2 Russia Antibacterial Glasses Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
9.1.3 Russia Antibacterial Glasses Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
9.2 Russia Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
9.3 Russia Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Market Share by Type
9.4 Russia Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Market Share by Application
10 Italy Antibacterial Glasses (Volume, Value and Sales Price)
10.1 Italy Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Value (2012-2017)
10.1.1 Italy Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
10.1.2 Italy Antibacterial Glasses Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
10.1.3 Italy Antibacterial Glasses Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
10.2 Italy Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
10.3 Italy Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Market Share by Type
10.4 Italy Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Market Share by Application
11 Spain Antibacterial Glasses (Volume, Value and Sales Price)
11.1 Spain Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Value (2012-2017)
11.1.1 Spain Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
11.1.2 Spain Antibacterial Glasses Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
11.1.3 Spain Antibacterial Glasses Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
11.2 Spain Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
11.3 Spain Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Market Share by Type
11.4 Spain Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Market Share by Application
12 Benelux Antibacterial Glasses (Volume, Value and Sales Price)
12.1 Benelux Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Value (2012-2017)
12.1.1 Benelux Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
12.1.2 Benelux Antibacterial Glasses Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
12.1.3 Benelux Antibacterial Glasses Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
12.2 Benelux Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
12.3 Benelux Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Market Share by Type
12.4 Benelux Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Market Share by Application
13 Europe Antibacterial Glasses Manufacturers Analysis
13.1 AGC Glass Europe
13.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
13.1.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
13.1.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
13.1.4 Business Overview
13.2 Nippon Sheet Glass (NSG)
13.2.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
13.2.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
13.2.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
13.2.4 Business Overview
13.3 Saint Gobain
13.3.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
13.3.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
13.3.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
13.3.4 Business Overview
13.4 Corning
13.4.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
13.4.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
13.4.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
13.4.4 Business Overview
13.5 Glass Trosch Holding
13.5.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
13.5.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
13.5.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
13.5.4 Business Overview
13.6 Vetraria Bergamasca Tecnovetro
13.6.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
13.6.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
13.6.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
13.6.4 Business Overview
13.7 Asahi Glass
13.7.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
13.7.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
13.7.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
13.7.4 Business Overview
13.8 BUFA
13.8.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
13.8.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
13.8.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
13.8.4 Business Overview
13.9 Essex Safety Glass
13.9.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
13.9.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
13.9.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
13.9.4 Business Overview
…
13 Marketing Strategy Analysis, Distributors/Traders
13.1 Marketing Channel
13.1.1 Direct Marketing
13.1.2 Indirect Marketing
13.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
13.2 Market Positioning
13.2.1 Pricing Strategy
13.2.2 Brand Strategy
13.2.3 Target Client
13.3 Distributors/Traders List
14 Market Effect Factors Analysis
14.1 Technology Progress/Risk
14.1.1 Substitutes Threat
14.1.2 Technology Progress in Related Industry
14.2 Consumer Needs/Customer Preference Change
14.3 Economic/Political Environmental Change
15 Europe Antibacterial Glasses Market Forecast (2017-2021)
15.1 Germany Market Forecast (2017-2021)
15.2 France Market Forecast (2017-2021)
15.3 UK Market Forecast (2017-2021)
15.4 Russia Market Forecast (2017-2021)
15.5 Italy Market Forecast (2017-2021)
15.6 Spain Market Forecast (2017-2021)
15.7 Benelux Market Forecast (2017-2021)
15.8 Europe Antibacterial Glasses Market Forecast by Type (2017-2021)
15.9 Europe Antibacterial Glasses Market Forecast by Application (2017-2021)
16 Appendix
Figure Picture of Antibacterial Glasses
Table Classification of Antibacterial Glasses
Figure Europe Sales Market Share of Antibacterial Glasses by Type in 2015
Table Application of Antibacterial Glasses
Figure Europe Sales Market Share of Antibacterial Glasses by Application in 2015
Figure Germany Antibacterial Glasses Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2021)
Figure France Antibacterial Glasses Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2021)
Figure UK Antibacterial Glasses Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2021)
Figure Russia Antibacterial Glasses Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2021)
Figure Italy Antibacterial Glasses Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2021)
Figure Spain Antibacterial Glasses Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2021)
Figure Benelux Antibacterial Glasses Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2021)
Figure Europe Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2021)
Figure Europe Antibacterial Glasses Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2021)
Table Europe Antibacterial Glasses Sales of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Europe Antibacterial Glasses Sales Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Figure 2015 Antibacterial Glasses Sales Share by Manufacturers
Figure 2016 Antibacterial Glasses Sales Share by Manufacturers
Table Europe Antibacterial Glasses Revenue by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Europe Antibacterial Glasses Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table 2015 Europe Antibacterial Glasses Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table 2016 Europe Antibacterial Glasses Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table Europe Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
Table Europe Antibacterial Glasses Sales Share by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Sales Market Share of Antibacterial Glasses by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Europe Antibacterial Glasses Sales Growth Rate by Type (2012-2017)
Table Europe Antibacterial Glasses Revenue and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
Table Europe Antibacterial Glasses Revenue Share by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Antibacterial Glasses by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Europe Antibacterial Glasses Revenue Growth Rate by Type (2012-2017)
Table Europe Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Market Share by Countries (2012-2017)
Table Europe Antibacterial Glasses Sales Share by Countries (2012-2017)
Figure Sales Market Share of Antibacterial Glasses by Countries (2012-2017)
Table Europe Antibacterial Glasses Revenue and Market Share by Countries (2012-2017)
Table Europe Antibacterial Glasses Revenue Share by Countries (2012-2017)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Antibacterial Glasses by Countries (2012-2017)
Table Europe Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Market Share by Application (2012-2017)
Table Europe Antibacterial Glasses Sales Share by Application (2012-2017)
Figure Sales Market Share of Antibacterial Glasses by Application (2012-2017)
Figure Germany Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Germany Antibacterial Glasses Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Germany Antibacterial Glasses Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table Germany Antibacterial Glasses Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Antibacterial Glasses Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Antibacterial Glasses Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Antibacterial Glasses Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Antibacterial Glasses Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Antibacterial Glasses Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure France Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure France Antibacterial Glasses Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure France Antibacterial Glasses Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table France Antibacterial Glasses Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table France Antibacterial Glasses Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table France Antibacterial Glasses Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table France Antibacterial Glasses Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table France Antibacterial Glasses Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table France Antibacterial Glasses Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure UK Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure UK Antibacterial Glasses Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure UK Antibacterial Glasses Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table UK Antibacterial Glasses Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Antibacterial Glasses Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Antibacterial Glasses Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Antibacterial Glasses Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Antibacterial Glasses Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Antibacterial Glasses Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Russia Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Russia Antibacterial Glasses Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Russia Antibacterial Glasses Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table Russia Antibacterial Glasses Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Antibacterial Glasses Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Antibacterial Glasses Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Antibacterial Glasses Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Antibacterial Glasses Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Antibacterial Glasses Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Italy Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Italy Antibacterial Glasses Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Italy Antibacterial Glasses Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table Italy Antibacterial Glasses Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Antibacterial Glasses Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Antibacterial Glasses Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Antibacterial Glasses Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Antibacterial Glasses Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Antibacterial Glasses Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Spain Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Spain Antibacterial Glasses Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Spain Antibacterial Glasses Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table Spain Antibacterial Glasses Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Antibacterial Glasses Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Antibacterial Glasses Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Antibacterial Glasses Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Antibacterial Glasses Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Antibacterial Glasses Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Benelux Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Benelux Antibacterial Glasses Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Benelux Antibacterial Glasses Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table Benelux Antibacterial Glasses Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Antibacterial Glasses Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Antibacterial Glasses Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Antibacterial Glasses Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Antibacterial Glasses Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Antibacterial Glasses Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table AGC Glass Europe Basic Information List
Table AGC Glass Europe Antibacterial Glasses Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure AGC Glass Europe Antibacterial Glasses Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Nippon Sheet Glass (NSG) Basic Information List
Table Nippon Sheet Glass (NSG) Antibacterial Glasses Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table Nippon Sheet Glass (NSG) Antibacterial Glasses Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Saint Gobain Basic Information List
Table Saint Gobain Antibacterial Glasses Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Saint Gobain Antibacterial Glasses Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Corning Basic Information List
Table Corning Antibacterial Glasses Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table Corning Antibacterial Glasses Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Glass Trosch Holding Basic Information List
Table Glass Trosch Holding Antibacterial Glasses Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Glass Trosch Holding Antibacterial Glasses Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Vetraria Bergamasca Tecnovetro Basic Information List
Table Vetraria Bergamasca Tecnovetro Antibacterial Glasses Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table Vetraria Bergamasca Tecnovetro Antibacterial Glasses Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Asahi Glass Basic Information List
Table Asahi Glass Antibacterial Glasses Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Asahi Glass Antibacterial Glasses Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table BUFA Basic Information List
Table BUFA Antibacterial Glasses Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table BUFA Antibacterial Glasses Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Essex Safety Glass Basic Information List
Table Essex Safety Glass Antibacterial Glasses Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Essex Safety Glass Antibacterial Glasses Sales Market Share (2012-2017).
…
Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Antibacterial Glasses
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Antibacterial Glasses
Figure Antibacterial Glasses Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Raw Materials Sources of Antibacterial Glasses Major Manufacturers in 2015
Table Major Buyers of Antibacterial Glasses
Table Distributors/Traders List
Figure Germany Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2021)
Figure Germany Antibacterial Glasses Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2021)
Figure France Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2021)
Figure France Antibacterial Glasses Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2021)
Figure UK Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2021)
Figure UK Antibacterial Glasses Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2021)
Figure Russia Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2021)
Figure Russia Antibacterial Glasses Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2021)
Figure Italy Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2021)
Figure Italy Antibacterial Glasses Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2021)
Figure Spain Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2021)
Figure Spain Antibacterial Glasses Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2021)
Figure Benelux Antibacterial Glasses Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2021)
Figure Benelux Antibacterial Glasses Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2021)
Table Europe Antibacterial Glasses Sales Forecast by Type (2017-2021)
Table Europe Antibacterial Glasses Sales Forecast by Application (2017-2021)
