Global and China Automotive Solar Film Industry 2015 Research Report is a professional and depth research report on Global Automotive Solar Film industry.
For overview analysis, the report introduces Automotive Solar Film basic information including definition, classification, application, industry chain structure, industry overview, policy analysis, and news analysis, etc
For international and China market analysis, the report analyzes Automotive Solar Film markets in China and other countries or regions (such as US, Europe, Japan, etc) by presenting research on global products of different types and applications developments and trends of market, technology, and competitive landscape, and leading suppliers and countries’2009-2014 capacity, production, cost, price, profit, production value, and gross margin. For leading suppliers, related information is listed as products, customers, application, capacity, market position, and company contact information, etc. 2015-2020 forecast on capacity, production, cost, price, profit, production value, and gross margin for these markets are also included.
For technical data and manufacturing plants analysis, the report analyzes Automotive Solar Film leading suppliers on capacity, commercial production date, manufacturing plants distribution, R&D Status, technology sources, and raw materials sources.
This report also presents product specification, manufacturing process, and product cost structure etc. Production is separated by regions, technology and applications. Analysis also covers upstream raw materials, equipment, downstream client survey, marketing channels, industry development trend and proposals.
In the end, the export includes Automotive Solar Film new project SWOT analysis, investment feasibility analysis, investment return analysis, and development analysis. In conclusion, it is a deep research report on Global Automotive Solar Film industry. Here, we express our thanks for the support and assistance from Automotive Solar Film industry chain related technical experts and marketing engineers during Research Team’s survey and interviews.
Table of Contents
Chapter One Automotive Solar Film Industry Overview
1.1 Automotive Solar Film Definition
1.2 Automotive Solar Film Classification and Application
1.3 Automotive Solar Film Industry Chain Structure
1.4 Automotive Solar Film Industry Overview
1.5 Automotive Solar Film Industry Policy Analysis
1.6 Automotive Solar Film Industry News Analysis
Chapter Two Automotive Solar Film International and China Market Analysis
2.1 Automotive Solar Film Industry International Market Analysis
2.1.1 Automotive Solar Film International Market Development History
2.1.2 Automotive Solar Film Product and Technology Developments
2.1.3 Automotive Solar Film Competitive Landscape Analysis
2.1.4 Automotive Solar Film International Key Countries Development Status
2.1.5 Automotive Solar Film International Market Development Trend
2.2 Automotive Solar Film Industry China Market Analysis
2.2.1 Automotive Solar Film China Market Development History
2.2.2 Automotive Solar Film Product and Technology Developments
2.2.3 Automotive Solar Film Competitive Landscape Analysis
2.2.4 Automotive Solar Film China Key Regions Development Status
2.2.5 Automotive Solar Film China Market Development Trend
2.3 Automotive Solar Film International and China Market Comparison Analysis
Chapter Three Automotive Solar Film Technical Data and Manufacturing Plants Analysis
3.1 2014 Global Key Manufacturers Automotive Solar Film Capacity and Commercial Production Date
3.2 2014 Global Key Manufacturers Automotive Solar Film Manufacturing Plants Distribution
3.3 2014 Global Key Manufacturers Automotive Solar Film R&D Status and Technology Source
3.4 2014 Global Key Manufacturers Automotive Solar Film Raw Materials Sources Analysis
Chapter Four Automotive Solar Film Production by Regions By Technology By Applications
4.1 2009-2014 Automotive Solar Film Production by Regions(such as US EU China Japan etc)
4.2 2009-2014 Automotive Solar Film Production by Technology (key type)
4.3 2009-2014 Automotive Solar Film Production by Applications
4.4 2009-2014 Automotive Solar Film Price by key Manufacturers
4.5 2009-2014 US Automotive Solar Film Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value Analysis
4.6 2009-2014 EU Automotive Solar Film Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value Analysis
4.7 2009-2014 Japan Automotive Solar Film Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value Analysis
4.8 2009-2014 China Automotive Solar Film Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value Analysis
4.9 2009-2014 US Automotive Solar Film Supply Import Export Consumption
4.10 2009-2014 EU Automotive Solar Film Supply Import Export Consumption
4.11 2009-2014 Japan Automotive Solar Film Supply Import Export Consumption
4.12 2009-2014 China Automotive Solar Film Supply Import Export Consumption
Chapter Five Automotive Solar Film Manufacturing Process and Cost Structure
5.1 Automotive Solar Film Product Specifications
5.2 Automotive Solar Film Manufacturing Process Analysis
5.3 Automotive Solar Film Cost Structure Analysis
5.4 Automotive Solar Film Price Cost Gross Analysis
Chapter Six 2009-2014 Automotive Solar Film Productions Supply Sales Demand Market Status and Forecast
6.1 2009-2014 Automotive Solar Film Capacity Production Overview
6.2 2009-2014 Automotive Solar Film Production Market Share Analysis
6.3 2009-2014 Automotive Solar Film Demand Overview
6.4 2009-2014 Automotive Solar Film Supply Demand and Shortage
6.5 2009-2014 Automotive Solar Film Import Export Consumption
6.6 2009-2014 Automotive Solar Film Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
Chapter Seven Automotive Solar Film Key Manufacturers Analysis
7.1 LLumar window film(Eastman Chemical)
7.1.1 Company Profile
7.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
7.1.3 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
7.1.4 Contact Information
7.2 SUNTEK
7.2.1 Company Profile
7.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
7.2.3 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
7.2.4 Contact Information
7.3 Solar Gard
7.3.1 Company Profile
7.3.2 Product Picture and Specification
7.3.3 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
7.3.4 Contact Information
7.4 3M
7.4.1 Company Profile
7.4.2 Product Picture and Specification
7.4.3 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
7.4.4 Contact Information
7.5 Johnson Window Films
7.5.1 Company Profile
7.5.2 Product Picture and Specification
7.5.3 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
7.5.4 Contact Information
7.6 HANITA COATINGS
7.6.1 Company Profile
7.6.2 Product Picture and Specification
7.6.3 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
7.6.4 Contact Information
7.7 A&B FILMS
7.7.1 Company Profile
7.7.2 Product Picture and Specification
7.7.3 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
7.7.4 Contact Information
7.8 SUNGARD
7.8.1 Company Profile
7.8.2 Product Picture and Specification
7.8.3 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
7.8.4 Contact Information
7.9 BEKAERT
7.9.1 Company Profile
7.9.2 Product Picture and Specification
7.9.3 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
7.9.4 Contact Information
7.10 MADICO
7.10.1 Company Profile
7.10.2 Product Picture and Specification
7.10.3 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
7.10.4 Contact Information
7.11 V-KOOL
7.11.1 Company Profile
7.11.2 Product Picture and Specification
7.11.3 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
7.11.4 Contact Information
7.12 Erickson International
7.12.1 Company Profile
7.12.2 Product Picture and Specification
7.12.3 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
7.12.4 Contact Information
7.13 Sekisui S-LECâ„¢ America
7.13.1 Company Profile
7.13.2 Product Picture and Specification
7.13.3 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
7.13.4 Contact Information
7.14 LINTEC CORPORATION
7.14.1 Company Profile
7.14.2 Product Picture and Specification
7.14.3 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
7.14.4 Contact Information
7.15 SOLAR INSULATION
7.15.1 Company Profile
7.15.2 Product Picture and Specification
7.15.3 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
7.15.4 Contact Information
7.16 Atlantic Solar Film
7.16.1 Company Profile
7.16.2 Product Picture and Specification
7.16.3 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
7.16.4 Contact Information
7.17 HAVERKAMP
7.17.1 Company Profile
7.17.2 Product Picture and Specification
7.17.3 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
7.17.4 Contact Information
7.18 Letbon
7.18.1 Company Profile
7.18.2 Product Picture and Specification
7.18.3 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
7.18.4 Contact Information
7.19 Friendly Frida
7.19.1 Company Profile
7.19.2 Product Picture and Specification
7.19.3 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
7.19.4 Contact Information
7.20 Yahui Internation
7.20.1 Company Profile
7.20.2 Product Picture and Specification
7.20.3 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
7.20.4 Contact Information
Chapter Eight Up and Down Stream Industry Analysis
8.1 Upstream Raw Materials Price Analysis
8.2 Upstream Equipment Market Analysis
8.3 Down Stream Demand Analysis
8.4 Industry Chain Analysis
Chapter Nine Automotive Solar Film Marketing Channels Analysis
9.1 Automotive Solar Film Marketing Channels Status
9.2 Automotive Solar Film Marketing Channels Characteristic
9.3 Automotive Solar Film Marketing Channels Development Trend
Chapter Ten 2015-2020 Automotive Solar Film Productions Supply Sales Demand Market Status and Forecast
10.1 2015-2020 Automotive Solar Film Capacity Production Overview
10.2 2015-2020 Automotive Solar Film Production Market Share Analysis
10.3 2015-2020 Automotive Solar Film Demand Overview
10.4 2015-2020 Automotive Solar Film Supply Demand and Shortage
10.5 2015-2020 Automotive Solar Film Import Export Consumption
10.6 2015-2020 Automotive Solar Film Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
Chapter Eleven Automotive Solar Film Industry Development Proposals
11.1 Macroeconomic Development Countermeasures
11.2 New Firms Enter Market Strategy
11.3 New Project Investment Proposals
11.4 Marketing Channel Strategy Proposals
11.5 Competitive Environment Strategy Proposals
Chapter Twelve Automotive Solar Film New Project Investment Feasibility Analysis
12.1 Automotive Solar Film Project SWOT Analysis
12.2 Automotive Solar Film New Project Investment Feasibility Analysis
Chapter Thirteen Global Automotive Solar Film Industry Research Conclusions
Tables and Figures
Figure Automotive Solar Film picture
Table Automotive Solar Film Classification and Application
Figure Automotive Solar Film Industry Chain Structure
Figure 2013 Global Major Manufacturers Automotive Solar Film Production Market Share
Figure 2013 Global Major Countries Automotive Solar Film Production Market Share
Figure 2015-2020 Global Automotive Solar Film Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2013 China Major Manufacturers Automotive Solar Film Production Market Share
Figure 2013 China Key Regions Automotive Solar Film Production Market Share
Figure 2015-2020 China Automotive Solar Film Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Table 2013 Global and China Key Manufacturers Automotive Solar Film Product Line Capacity and Commercial Production Date
Table 2013 Manufacturing Base (Factory) Global Regional Distribution
Table 2013 Global and China Key Manufacturers Automotive Solar Film R&D Status and Technology Sources List
Table 2013 Global and China Key Manufacturers Automotive Solar Film Raw Materials Sources List
Table 2009-2014 Automotive Solar Film Production by Regions
Figure 2009 Global Automotive Solar Film Production market share by regions
Figure 2010 Global Automotive Solar Film Production market share by regions
Figure 2011 Global Automotive Solar Film Production market share by regions
Figure 2012 Global Automotive Solar Film Production market share by regions
Figure 2013 Global Automotive Solar Film Production market share by regions
Figure 2014 Global Automotive Solar Film Production market share by regions
Table 2009-2014 Automotive Solar Film Production by Technology
Figure 2013 Global Automotive Solar Film Production share by Material
Table 2009-2014 Automotive Solar Film Production by Applications
Figure 2013 Global Automotive Solar Film Production market share by Applications
Table US Automotive Solar Film Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
Table EU Automotive Solar Film Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
Table Japan Automotive Solar Film Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
Table China Automotive Solar Film Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
Table 2009-2014 US Automotive Solar Film Supply Import Export Consumption
Table 2009-2014 EU Automotive Solar Film Supply Import Export Consumption
Table 2009-2014 Japan Automotive Solar Film Supply Import Export Consumption
Table 2009-2014 China Automotive Solar Film Supply Import Export Consumption
Table Automotive Solar Film Product Details
Table Automotive Solar Film Product Specifications List
Figure Automotive Solar Film Manufacturing Process
Figure Automotive Solar Film Cost Structure
Table 2009-2014 Global Major Manufacturers Automotive Solar Film Capacity and Total Capacity (K Unit) List
Table 2009-2014 Global Major Manufacturers Automotive Solar Film Capacity Market Share List
Table 2009-2014 Global Major Manufacturers Automotive Solar Film Production and Total Production List
Table 2009-2014 Global Major Manufacturers Automotive Solar Film Production Market Share List
Figure 2009-2014 Global Automotive Solar Film Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Table 2009-2014 Global Automotive Solar Film Capacity Utilization Rate List
Table 2009-2014 China Major Manufacturers Automotive Solar Film Capacity and Total Capacity List
Table 2009-2014 China Major Manufacturers Automotive Solar Film Capacity Market Share List
Table 2009-2014 China Major Manufacturers Automotive Solar Film Production and Total Production List
Table 2009-2014 China Major Manufacturers Automotive Solar Film Production Market Share List
Figure 2009-2014 China Automotive Solar Film Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2009 Global Major Manufacturers Automotive Solar Film Production Market Share
Figure 2010 Global Major Manufacturers Automotive Solar Film Production Market Share
Figure 2011 Global Major Manufacturers Automotive Solar Film Production Market Share
Figure 2012 Global Major Manufacturers Automotive Solar Film Production Market Share
Figure 2013 Global Major Manufacturers Automotive Solar Film Production Market Share
Figure 2009 China Major Manufacturers Automotive Solar Film Production Market Share
Figure 2010 China Major Manufacturers Automotive Solar Film Production Market Share
Figure 2011 China Major Manufacturers Automotive Solar Film Production Market Share
Figure 2012 China Major Manufacturers Automotive Solar Film Production Market Share
Figure 2013 China Major Manufacturers Automotive Solar Film Production Market Share
Figure 2009-2014 Global Automotive Solar Film Demand and Growth Rate
Figure 2009-2014 China Automotive Solar Film Demand and Growth Rate
Table 2009-2014 Global Automotive Solar Film Supply Demand Shortage List
Table 2009-2014 China Automotive Solar Film Supply Demand Shortage List
Table 2009-2014 China Automotive Solar Film Production Import Export Consumption List
Table 2009-2014 Global Major Manufacturers Automotive Solar Film Price List
Table 2009-2014 Global Major Manufacturers Automotive Solar Film Gross Margin List
Table 2009-2014 Global Major Manufacturers Automotive Solar Film Production Value List
Table 2009-2014 Global Major Manufacturers Automotive Solar Film Production Value market share List
Table 2009-2014 China Major Manufacturers Automotive Solar Film Production Value List
Table 2009-2014 China Major Manufacturers Automotive Solar Film Production Value market share List
Table 2009-2014 Global Automotive Solar Film Production Price Cost Profit Production Value Gross Margin List
Table 2009-2014 China Automotive Solar Film Production Price Cost Profit Production Value Gross Margin List
Figure Product Picture and Specification
Table 2009-2014 LLumar window film(Eastman Chemical) Automotive Solar Film Product Capacity Production Price Cost Gross Production Value Gross Margin List
Figure 2009-2014 LLumar window film(Eastman Chemical) Automotive Solar Film Product Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2009-2014 LLumar window film(Eastman Chemical) Automotive Solar Film Product Production Global Market Share
Table 2009-2014 SUNTEK Automotive Solar Film Product Capacity Production (K Unit)Price Cost Gross (USD/Unit) Production Value (Million USD) Gross Margin List
Figure 2009-2014 SUNTEK Automotive Solar Film Product Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2009-2014 SUNTEK Automotive Solar Film Product Production Global Market Share
Table 2009-2014 Solar Gard Automotive Solar Film Product Capacity Production (K Unit)Price Cost Gross (USD/Unit) Production Value (Million USD) Gross Margin List
Figure 2009-2014 Solar Gard Automotive Solar Film Product Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2009-2014 Solar Gard Automotive Solar Film Product Production Global Market Share
Table 2009-2014 3M Automotive Solar Film Product Capacity Production (K Unit)Price Cost Gross (USD/Unit) Production Value (Million USD) Gross Margin List
Figure 2009-2014 3M Automotive Solar Film Product Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2009-2014 3M Automotive Solar Film Product Production Global Market Share
Table 2009-2014 Johnson Window Films Automotive Solar Film Product Capacity Production (K Unit)Price Cost Gross (USD/Unit) Production Value (Million USD) Gross Margin List
Figure 2009-2014 Johnson Window Films Automotive Solar Film Product Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2009-2014 Johnson Window Films Automotive Solar Film Product Production Global Market Share
Table 2009-2014 HANITA COATINGS Automotive Solar Film Product Capacity Production (K Unit)Price Cost Gross (USD/Unit) Production Value (Million USD) Gross Margin List
Figure 2009-2014 HANITA COATINGS Automotive Solar Film Product Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2009-2014 HANITA COATINGS Automotive Solar Film Product Production Global Market Share
Table 2009-2014 A&B FILMS Automotive Solar Film Product Capacity Production (K Unit)Price Cost Gross (USD/Unit) Production Value (Million USD) Gross Margin List
Figure 2009-2014 A&B FILMS Automotive Solar Film Product Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2009-2014 A&B FILMS Automotive Solar Film Product Production Global Market Share
Table 2009-2014 SUNGARD Automotive Solar Film Product Capacity Production (K Unit)Price Cost Gross (USD/Unit) Production Value (Million USD) Gross Margin List
Figure 2009-2014 SUNGARD Automotive Solar Film Product Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2009-2014 SUNGARD Automotive Solar Film Product Production Global Market Share
Table 2009-2014 BEKAERT Automotive Solar Film Product Capacity Production (K Unit)Price Cost Gross (USD/Unit) Production Value (Million USD) Gross Margin List
Figure 2009-2014 BEKAERT Automotive Solar Film Product Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2009-2014 BEKAERT Automotive Solar Film Product Production Global Market Share
Table 2009-2014 MADICO Automotive Solar Film Product Capacity Production (K Unit)Price Cost Gross (USD/Unit) Production Value (Million USD) Gross Margin List
Figure 2009-2014 MADICO Automotive Solar Film Product Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2009-2014 MADICO Automotive Solar Film Product Production Global Market Share
Table 2009-2014 V-KOOL Automotive Solar Film Product Capacity Production (K Unit)Price Cost Gross (USD/Unit) Production Value (Million USD) Gross Margin List
Figure 2009-2014 V-KOOL Automotive Solar Film Product Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2009-2014 V-KOOL Automotive Solar Film Product Production Global Market Share
Table 2009-2014 Erickson International Automotive Solar Film Product Capacity Production (K Unit)Price Cost Gross (USD/Unit) Production Value (Million USD) Gross Margin List
Figure 2009-2014 Erickson International Automotive Solar Film Product Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2009-2014 Erickson International Automotive Solar Film Product Production Global Market Share
Table 2009-2014 Sekisui S-LECâ„¢ America Automotive Solar Film Product Capacity Production (K Unit)Price Cost Gross (USD/Unit) Production Value (Million USD) Gross Margin List
Figure 2009-2014 Sekisui S-LECâ„¢ America Automotive Solar Film Product Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2009-2014 Sekisui S-LECâ„¢ America Automotive Solar Film Product Production Global Market Share
Table 2009-2014 LINTEC CORPORATION Automotive Solar Film Product Capacity Production (K Unit)Price Cost Gross (USD/Unit) Production Value (Million USD) Gross Margin List
Figure 2009-2014 LINTEC CORPORATION Automotive Solar Film Product Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2009-2014 LINTEC CORPORATION Automotive Solar Film Product Production Global Market Share
Table 2009-2014 SOLAR INSULATION Automotive Solar Film Product Capacity Production (K Unit)Price Cost Gross (USD/Unit) Production Value (Million USD) Gross Margin List
Figure 2009-2014 SOLAR INSULATION Automotive Solar Film Product Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2009-2014 SOLAR INSULATION Automotive Solar Film Product Production Global Market Share
Table 2009-2014 Atlantic Solar Film Automotive Solar Film Product Capacity Production (K Unit)Price Cost Gross (USD/Unit) Production Value (Million USD) Gross Margin List
Figure 2009-2014 Atlantic Solar Film Automotive Solar Film Product Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2009-2014 Atlantic Solar Film Automotive Solar Film Product Production Global Market Share
Table 2009-2014 HAVERKAMP Automotive Solar Film Product Capacity Production (K Unit)Price Cost Gross (USD/Unit) Production Value (Million USD) Gross Margin List
Figure 2009-2014 HAVERKAMP Automotive Solar Film Product Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2009-2014 HAVERKAMP Automotive Solar Film Product Production Global Market Share
Table 2009-2014 Letbon Automotive Solar Film Product Capacity Production (K Unit)Price Cost Gross (USD/Unit) Production Value (Million USD) Gross Margin List
Figure 2009-2014 Letbon Automotive Solar Film Product Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2009-2014 Letbon Automotive Solar Film Product Production Global Market Share
Table 2009-2014 Friendly Frida Automotive Solar Film Product Capacity Production (K Unit)Price Cost Gross (USD/Unit) Production Value (Million USD) Gross Margin List
Figure 2009-2014 Friendly Frida Automotive Solar Film Product Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2009-2014 Friendly Frida Automotive Solar Film Product Production Global Market Share
Table 2009-2014 Yahui Internation Automotive Solar Film Product Capacity Production (K Unit)Price Cost Gross (USD/Unit) Production Value (Million USD) Gross Margin List
Figure 2009-2014 Yahui Internation Automotive Solar Film Product Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2009-2014 Yahui Internation Automotive Solar Film Product Production Global Market Share
Figure Upstream Equipment
Figure Automotive Solar Film Industry Chain Structure
Figure Automotive Solar Film Marketing Channels Status
Figure 2015-2020 Global Automotive Solar Film Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Table 2015-2020 Global Automotive Solar Film Capacity Utilization Rate List
Figure 2015-2020 China Automotive Solar Film Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Table 2015-2020 China Automotive Solar Film Capacity Utilization Rate List
Figure 2015-2020 China Major Manufacturers Automotive Solar Film Capacity Market Share
Figure 2015-2020 China Major Manufacturers Automotive Solar Film Production Market Share
Figure 2015-2020 Global and China Automotive Solar Film Demand and Growth Rate
Table 2015-2020 Global Automotive Solar Film Supply Demand Shortage List
Table 2015-2020 China Automotive Solar Film Supply Demand Shortage List
Table 2015-2020 China Automotive Solar Film Production Import Export Consumption List
Table 2015-2020 Global Automotive Solar Film Production Price Cost Profit Production Value Gross Margin List
Table 2015-2020 China Automotive Solar Film Production Price Cost Profit Production Value Gross Margin List
Table Macroeconomic Development Countermeasures Analysis
Table New Firms Enter Market Strategy
Table New Project Investment Proposals
Figure Automotive Solar Film Marketing Channel Strategy Proposals
Table Automotive Solar Film Marketing Channel Strategy Proposals
Table Competitive Environment Strategy Proposals
Table Hemodialysis Catheters Project SWOT Analysis
Table Hemodialysis Catheters Project Investment Feasibility Analysis
Contact us at the Consulting WP office nearest to you or submit a business inquiry online.
Subscribe to Our Newsletter
