Solid State Thin Film Battery: Market Shares, Strategies, and Forecasts, Worldwide, Nanotechnology, 2013 to 2019

Solid State Thin Film Battery Executive Summary

Advantages of Solid State Batteries

Solid State Thin Film Battery Market Driving Forces

Improvements In Wireless Sensor Technologies Have Opened

Up New Solid State Battery Markets

Nanotechnology and Solid State Batteries

1. Solid State Thin Film Battery Market Description and Market Dynamics

1.1 World Economy Undergoing A Transformation

1.1.1 Global Economic Conditions:

1.1.2 Global Economy Becomes Steadily More Sluggish

1.1.3 Global Economic Conditions Impact Markets

1.2 Smarter Computing Depends on Solid State Thin Film Batteries

1.2.1 Intelligent Systems: The Next Era of IT Leverages Solid State Thin Film Batteries

1.2.2 Cloud and Virtualization from IBM WebSphere

1.3 Solid State Thin Film Battery Target Markets

1.3.1 Permanent Power for Wireless Sensors

1.4 Principal Features Used To Compare Rechargeable Batteries

1.5 Integrated Energy Storage

1.5.1 Pervasive Power

1.6 Reducing Grid Energy Losses

2. Solid State Thin Film Battery Market Shares and Market Forecasts

2.1 Advantages of Solid State Batteries

2.1.1 Solid State Thin Film Battery Market Driving Forces

2.1.2 Improvements In Wireless Sensor Technologies Have Opened Up New Solid State Battery Markets

2.1.3 Nanotechnology and Solid State Batteries

2.2 Solid State Battery Market Shares

2.2.1 Cymbet

2.2.2 Cymbet EnerChip

2.2.3 Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) THINERGY

2.2.4 Solid State Thin Film Battery Market Leader Analysis

2.3 Solid State Thin-Film Battery (TFB) Market Forecasts

2.3.1 Solid State Battery Market Forecast Analysis

2.3.2 IBM Smarter Planet

2.4 Applications for Solid State Thin Film Battery Battery

2.4.1 Cymbet Millimeter Scale Applications

2.4.2 Cymbet Ultra Low Power Management Applications

2.4.3 Solid State Thin Film Battery Market Segment Analysis

2.4.4 Embedded Systems Need Solid State Batteries

2.4.5 Energy Harvesting

2.4.6 Near Field Communication (NFC) Transactions

2.5 Battery Market

2.6 Wireless Sensor Market

2.6.1 Benefits Of Energy Harvesting

2.6.2 Solid-State Battery Advantages

2.6.3 Comparison of Battery Performances

2.7 Solid State Thin Film Battery Price and Installed Base Analysis

2.8 Solid State Thin Film Battery Regional Analysis

3. Solid State Thin Film Battery Product Description

3.1 Cymbet Solid State Batteries (SSB)

3.1.1 Cymbet Solid State Batteries (SSB) Eco-Friendly Features

3.1.2 Cymbet EnerChip Bare Die Solid State Batteries are Verified Non-cytotoxic

3.1.3 Cymbet EnerChip Solid State Battery Fabrication

3.1.4 Cymbet Embedded Energy Concepts For Micro- Power Chip Design

3.1.5 Cymbet Embedded Energy Silicon Substrate Architecture

3.1.6 Cymbet Pervasive Power Architecture

3.1.7 Cymbet Cross Power Grid Similarities and Point of Load Power Management

3.1.8 Cymbet Solid State Rechargeable Energy Storage Devices

3.1.9 Cymbet Integrated Energy Storage for Point of Load Power Delivery

3.1.10 Cymbet Energy Processors and Solid State Batteries

3.1.11 Cymbet Millimeter Scale

3.1.12 Cymbet Millimeter Scale Energy Harvesting EH Powered Sensors

3.1.13 Cymbet Building Millimeter Scale EH-based Computers

3.1.14 Cymbet Designing and Deploying Millimeter Scale Sensors

3.1.15 Cymbet Permanent Power Using Solid State Rechargeable Batteries

3.1.16 Cymbet Ultra Low Power Management

3.1.17 Cymbet EH Wireless Sensor Components

3.2 Infinite Power Solutions

3.2.1 Infinite Power Solutions THINERGY MECs from IPS

3.2.2 Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) THINERGY MEC225 Device:

3.2.3 Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) THINERGY MEC220

3.2.4 Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) THINERGY MEC201

3.2.5 Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) Thinergy® MEC202

3.2.6 Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) Recharging THINERGY Micro-Energy Cells

3.2.7 Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) THINERGY Charging Methods

3.2.8 Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) Battery Technology For Smart Phones

3.2.9 Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) High-Capacity Cells for Smart Phones

3.2.10 Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) 4v Solid-State Battery Ceramic Technology With Energy Density >1,000wh/L

3.2.11 Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) All-Solid-State HEC Technology

3.3 Excelatron

3.3.1 Excelatron Current State of the Art For Thin Film Batteries

3.3.2 High Temperature Performance of Excellatron Thin Film Batteries

3.3.3 Excelatron Solid State Battery Long Cycle Life

3.3.4 Excelatron Discharge Capacities & Profiles

3.3.5 Excellatron Polymer Film Substrate for Thin Flexible Profile

3.3.6 Excelatron High Power & Energy Density, Specific Power & Energy

3.3.7 Excellatron High Rate Capability

3.3.8 Excellatron High Capacity Thin Film Batteries

3.4 NEC

3.4.1 Toyota

4. Solid State Thin Film Battery Technology

4.1 Technologies For Manufacture Of Solid State Thin Film Batteries

4.2 Cymbet EnerChip™ Solid State Battery Charges 10 Chips Connected In Parallel

4.2.1 Cymbet EnerChip Provides Drop-in Solar Energy Harvesting

4.2.2 Cymbet Wireless Building Automation

4.2.3 Cymbet Solutions: Industry transition to low power IC chips

4.2.4 Cymbet Manufacturing Sites

4.2.5 Cymbet Energy Harvesting Evaluation Kit

4.2.6 EnerChip Products are RoHS Compliant

4.2.7 Cymbet Safe to Transport Aboard Aircraft

4.3 Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) Ceramics

4.3.1 Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LiCoO2) Cathode and a Li-Metal Anode Technology

4.3.2 Infinite Power Solutions Technology Uses Lithium

4.3.3 IPS Thin, Flexible Battery Smaller Than A Backstage Laminate

4.3.4 IPS Higher-Density Solid-State Battery Technology

4.4 NEC Technology For Lithium-Ion Batteries

4.4.1 NEC Using Nickel In Replacement Of A Material

4.4.2 NEC Changed The Solvent Of The Electrolyte Solution

4.5 Air Batteries: Lithium Ions Convert Oxygen Into Lithium Peroxide

4.6 Nanotechnology and Solid State Thin Film Batteries

4.6.1 MIT Solid State Thin Film Battery Research

4.6.2 ORNL Scientists Reveal Battery Behavior At The Nanoscale

4.6.3 Rice University and Lockheed Martin Scientists Discovered Way To Use Silicon To Increase Capacity Of Lithium-Ion Batteries

4.6.4 Rice University50 Microns Battery

4.6.5 Next Generation Of Specialized Nanotechnology

4.6.6 Nanotechnology

4.6.7 Components Of A Battery

4.6.8 Impact Of Nanotechnology

4.6.9 Nanotechnology Engineering Method

4.6.10 Why Gold Nanoparticles Are More Precious Than Pretty Gold

4.6.11 Silicon Nanoplate Strategy For Batteries

4.6.12 Graphene Electrodes Developed for Supercapacitors

4.6.13 Nanoscale Materials for High Performance Batteries

4.7 John Bates Patent: Thin Film Battery and Method for Making Same

4.7.1 J. B. Bates,a N. J. Dudney, B. Neudecker, A. Ueda, and C. D. Evans Thin-Film Lithium and Lithium-Ion Batteries

4.8 MEMS Applications

4.8.1 MEMS Pressure Sensors

4.9 c-Si Manufacturing Developments

4.9.1 Wafers

4.9.2 Texturization

4.9.3 Emitter Formation

4.9.4 Metallization

4.9.5 Automation, Statistical Process Control (SPC), Advanced Process Control (APC)

4.9.6 Achieving Well-controlled Processes

4.9.7 Incremental Improvements

4.10   Transition Metal Oxides, MnO

4.11   Battery Cell Construction

4.11.1 Lithium Ion Cells Optimized For Capacity

4.11.2 Flat Plate Electrodes

4.11.3 Spiral Wound Electrodes

4.11.4 Multiple Electrode Cells

4.11.5 Fuel Cell Bipolar Configuration

4.11.6 Electrode Interconnections

4.11.7 Sealed Cells and Recombinant Cells

4.11.8 Battery Cell Casing

4.11.9 Button Cells and Coin Cells

4.11.10 Pouch Cells

4.11.11 Prismatic Cells

4.12 Naming Standards For Cell Identification

4.12.1 High Power And Energy Density

4.12.2 High Rate Capability

4.13   Comparison Of Rechargeable Battery Performance

4.14   Micro Battery Solid Electrolyte

4.14.1 Challenges in Battery and Battery System Design

4.15   Types of Batteries

4.15.1 Lead-Acid Batteries

4.15.2 Nickel-Based Batteries

4.15.3 Conventional Lithium-ion Technologies

4.15.4 Advanced Lithium-ion Batteries

4.15.5 Thin Film Battery Solid State Energy Storage

4.15.6 Ultra Capacitors

4.15.7 Fuel Cells

4.16   Battery Safety / Potential Hazards

4.16.1 Thin Film Solid-State Battery Construction

4.16.2 Battery Is Electrochemical Device

4.16.3 Battery Depends On Chemical Energy

4.16.4 Characteristics Of Battery Cells

5 Solid State Thin Film Battery Company Profiles

5.1 Balsara Research Group, UC Berkley

5.2 Cymbet

5.2.1 Cymbet Customer/Partner TI

5.2.2 Cymbet EH Building Automation

5.2.3 Cymbet Semi Passive RF Tag Applications

5.2.4 Cymbet Enerchips Environmental Regulation Compliance

5.2.5 Cymbet Investors

5.2.6 Cymbet Investors

5.2.7 Cymbet Distribution

5.2.8 Cymbet Authorized Resellers

5.2.9 Cymbet Private Equity Financing

5.3 Johnson Research & Development / Excellatron

5.3.1 Characteristics of Excellatron Batteries:

5.3.2 Excellatron Thin Film Solid State Battery Applications

5.3.3 Excellatron Strategic Relationships

5.4 Infinite Power Solutions

5.4.1 IPS THINERGY MECs

5.4.2 Infinite Power Solutions Breakthrough Battery Technology

5.4.3 IPS Targets Smart Phone Batteries

5.5 MIT Solid State Battery Research

5.5.1 When Discharging, Special Lithium Air Batteries Draw In Some Lithium Ions To Convert Oxygen Into Lithium Peroxide

5.6 NEC

5.6.1 NEC IT Services Business

5.6.2 NEC Platform Business

5.6.3 NEC Carrier Network Business

5.6.4 NEC Social Infrastructure Business

5.6.5 NEC Personal Solutions Business

5.7 Planar Energy Devices

5.8 Seeo

5.8.1 Seeo Investors

5.9 Toyota

5.10   Watchdata Technologies

List of Tables and Figures

Table ES-1 Solid-State Battery Advantages and Disadvantages

Table ES-2 Thin Film Battery Market Driving Forces

Figure ES-3 Solid State Thin Film Battery Market Shares, Dollars, First Three Quarters 2012

Figure ES-4 Solid State Thin Film Market Forecasts, Dollars, Worldwide, 2013-2019

Table 1-1 Thin Film Battery Target Markets

Table 1-2 Principal Features Used To Compare Rechargeable Batteries

Figure 1-3 Energy Storage and Generation for Wireless Sensor Network

Figure 1-4 Energy Information Administration and Energy Loss Presentation

Table 2-1 Solid-state battery Advantages and Disadvantages

Table 2-2 Thin Film Battery Market Driving Forces

Figure 2-3 Solid State Thin Film Battery Market Shares, Dollars, First Three Quarters 2012

Table 2-4 Solid State Thin Film Battery Market Shares, Dollars, Worldwide, First Three Quarters 2012

Figure 2-5 Solid State Thin Film Market Forecasts, Dollars, Worldwide, 2013-2019

Table 2-6 Solid State Thin Film Battery Market Application Forecasts, Units and Dollars, Worldwide, 2013-2019

Figure 2-7 Solid State Thin Film Market Forecasts, Units, Worldwide, 2013-2019

Table 2-8 Solid State Thin Film Battery Market Forecasts Units and Dollars, Worldwide, 2013 2019

Figure 2-8 Small Solid State Thin Film Battery Market Shipments Forecasts Dollars, Worldwide, 2013-2019

Figure 2-9 Mid-Size Solid State Thin Film Battery, Market Forecasts Dollars, Worldwide, 2013-2019

Figure 2-10 Small Solid State Thin Film Battery Market Forecasts, Units, Worldwide, 2013-2019

Figure 2-11 Mid-Size Solid State Thin Film Market Forecasts, Units, Worldwide, 2013-2019

Figure 2-12 IBM Smarter Planet: Trillions of Interconnected Sensors

Figure 2-13 Cymbet Energy Harvesting (EH) Building Automation

Figure 2-14 Cymbet Energy Harvesting (EH) Medical Applications

Figure 2-15 Cymbet Semi Passive RF Tag Applications

Figure 2-16 RF Charging and Comms – TI and Cymbet

Figure 2-17 Cymbet Millimeter Scale Applications

Figure 2-18 Solid State Thin Film Battery Market Segments, Dollars, Worldwide, 2012

Figure 2-19 Solid State Thin Film Battery Market Segments, Dollars, Worldwide, 2019

Table 2-20 Solid State Thin Film Battery Market Application Forecasts Units and Dollars, Worldwide, 2013-2019

Figure 2-21 Solid State Thin Film Battery Market Application Forecasts Units and Dollars, Worldwide, 2013-2019

Figure 2-22 Cymbet Energy Harvesting Applications

Table 2-23 Excelatron Comparison of Battery Performances

Table 2-24 Solid State Thin Film Battery Market Installed Base Forecasts Units and Dollars, Worldwide, 2013-2019

Figure 2-25 Solid State Thin Film Battery Regional Market Segments, 2012

Table 2-26 Solid State Thin Film Battery Regional Market Segments, 2012

Table 3-1 EnerChip device Eco-Friendly Attributes:

Table 3-2 Cymbet Embedded Energy And The Advantages Of Point Of Load Energy Delivery Functions

Table 3-3 Cymbet Solid State Energy Storage Devices And IC

Table 3-4 Cymbet Pervasive Power Architecture Advantages

Table 3-5 Cymbet Pervasive Power architecture Embedded Energy Advantages

Table 3-6 Cymbet Cross Power Grid Functions

Table 3-7 Cymbet Point of Load Power-On-Chip Benefits

Table 3-8 Cymbet Assessment of Chip Grid Trends

Figure 3-9 Cymbet Solid State Rechargeable Energy Storage Devices

Figure 3-10 Cymbet Rechargeable Solid State Energy bare die Co-Packaged Side-By Side With An IC:

Figure 3-11 Rechargeable Solid State Energy bare die Co-packaged in “wedding cake” die stack:

Figure 3-12 Cymbet Rechargeable Solid State Energy bare die in System on Chip module:

Figure 3-13 Solid State Energy Storage Built On Silicon Wafer Solder Attached To The Circuit Board Surface

Figure 3-14 Solid State Energy Storage Silicon Wafer Solder Attached To The Circuit Board Surface

Figure 3-15 Cymbet Millimeter Scale Applications

Figure 3-16 Cymbet Millimeter-Sized Solar Energy Harvesting Sensor Sits On A Solid State Rechargeable Energy Storage Device

Figure 3-17 Cymbet Millimeter Scale Computer Wireless Sensor Photo On US Penny for Size Reference

Figure 3-18 EnerChip 1uAh Battery On US Dollar For Size Reference

Figure 3-19 Cymbet Millimeter Scale EH-based Computer IOPM Layers Block Diagram

Figure 3-20 Cymbet Wireless Sensor IOPM Block Diagram

Table 3-21 Cymbet Intra Ocular Pressure Sensor IOPM basic elements:

Figure 3-22 Infinite Power Solutions Thinergy MEC201

Figure 3-23 Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) THINERGY MEC225

Table 3-24 Device: THINERGY MEC225 Specifications

Figure 3-25 Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) Device: THINERGY MEC220

Table 3-26 Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) THINERGY MEC220 Specifications

Figure 3-27 Device: THINERGY MEC201

Table 3-28 Device: THINERGY MEC201

Figure 3-29 Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) THINERGY® MEC202

Table 3-30 Device: Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) THINERGY MEC202

Table 3-31 Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) THINERGY MEC202 Features

Table 3-32 Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) THINERGY MEC202 Applications

Table 3-33 Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) THINERGY MEC202 Benefits

Figure 3-34 Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) THINERGY MEC202 Typical Discharge Curves @25°C (1.7 mAh Standard Grade Cell)

Figure 3-35 Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) THINERGY MEC202 Typical Discharge Curves @25°C (1.7 mAh Performance Grade Cell)

Figure 3-36 Typical Maximum Current vs. Temperature — All Capacity Options

Figure 3-37 Typical Charge Curve @ 25°C — All Capacity Options

Figure 3-38 OCV as a Function of State of Charge at 25°C

Table 3-39 Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) THINERGY MEC202 Functions

Table 3-40 Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) THINERGY Charging Methods

Table 3-41 Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) THINERGY Energy Harvesting Charging Methods

Figure 3-42 Excelatron Schematic Cross Section Of A Thin Film Solid-State Battery

Figure 3-43 Charge/discharge profile of Excellatron's thin film battery at 25ºC.

Figure 3-44 Charge/discharge profile of Excellatron's thin film battery at 150ºC.

Figure 3-45 High temperature (150ºC) charge and Discharge Capacity As A Function Of Cycle Number For A Thin Film Battery.

Figure 3-46 Excelatron Capacity And Resistance

Figure 3-47 Excelatron High Rate Pulse Discharge

Figure 3-48 Excelatron High Rate Pulse Discharge

Figure 3-49 Excelatron Long Term Cyclability of a Thin Film Solid State Battery

Figure 3-50 Excelatron Long Term Cyclability Of A Thin Film Battery Thicker Cathode

Figure 3-51: Excelatron Discharge Capacity

Figure 3-52 Excelatron Thin film Batteries Deposited On A Thin Polymer Substrate

Figure 3- 53 Excelatron Rechargeable Thin Film Solid State Battery Thickness

Table 3-54 Excelatron Comparison of Battery Performances

Table 3-55 Excellatron High Capacity Thin Film Batteries

Figure 3-56 Excellatron Voltage And Current Profile of a 10 mAh Battery Characteristics

Figure 3-57 NEC High Voltage, Long Life Manganese Lithium-Ion Battery

Figure 4-1 Cymbet EnerChip CC Smart Solid State Batteries Functional DIagram

Table 4-2 Cymbet EnerChip Single Chip Ups Provides Many Advantages For Electronics Designers:

Figure 4-3 Cymbet Energy Processor for Max Peak Power

Figure 4-4 Cymbet Energy Harvesting Building Automation

Table 4-5 Cymbet Solutions Areas

Figure 4-6 Cymbet Energy Harvesting Evaluation Kit

Table 4-7 Cymbet Products Offered by Digi-Key

Table 4-8 Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) Technology and Chemistry

Figure 4-9 IPS THINERGY MECs

Table 4-10 Thin Film Battery Unique Properties

Figure 4-11 Solid-State Lithium-Air Battery (Highlighted In Orange)

Figure 4-12 Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory Battery Behavior At The Nanoscale

Figure 4-13 Rice Researchers Advanced Lithium-Ion Technique has Microscopic Pores That Dot A Silicon Wafer

Figure 4-14 Rice University50 Microns Battery

Figure 4-15 Discharge of a Lithium Battery

Figure 4-16 Nanoparticle Illustration

Figure 4-17 ilver Nanoplates Decorated With Silver Oxy Salt Nanoparticles

Figure 4-17a Graphene Molecular Illustration (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory)

Figure 4-18 John Bates Patent: Thin Film Battery and Method for Making Same

Table 4-19 Approaches to Selective Emitter (SE) Technologies

Figure 4-20 XRD Patterns of MnO Thin Films

Table 4-21 Comparison Of Battery Performances

Table 4-22 Common Household-Battery Sizes, Shape, and Dimensions

Table 4-23 Thin Films For Advanced Batteries

Table 4-24 Thin Film Batteries Technology Aspects

Table 4-25 Solid State Thin Film Battery Applications

Figure 4-26 Design Alternatives of Thin Film Rechargable Batteries

Table 4-27 Challenges in Battery and Battery System Design

Figure 4-28 Typical Structure Of A Thin Film Solid State Battery

Table 4-30 Characteristics Of Battery Cells

Figure 5-1 Balsara Research Group Transported Material and Transporting Medium

Table 5-2 Balsara Research Group Collaborators:

Table 5-3 Balsara Research Group Funding Sources

Table 5-4 Cymbet Supporting Technologies

Table 5-5 Cymbet Smart Energy

Figure 5-6 Cymbet Industry Trends and Storage Solutions Alignment

Table 5-7 Cymbet Addresses Energy Storage Requirements for New Products

Figure 5-8 Key Battery Characteristics

Figure 5-9 Cymbet Solid State Batteries – Wafer to PCB

Table 5-10 Cymbet Customers

Table 5-11 Cymbet / TI EnerChip Key Benefits

Table 5-12 Cymbet / TI EnerChip Key Features

Figure 5-13 RF Charging and Comms – TI and Cymbet

Figure 5-14 Cymbet EH Building Automation

Figure 5-15 Cymbet Semi Passive RF Tag Applications

Figure 5-16 Cymbet Enerchips Environmental Regulation Compliance

Table 5-17 Cymbet Solid State Energy Storage Innovation

Figure 5-18 Cymbet Strategic Investors

Figure 5-19 Cymbet Investors

Figure 5-20 Cymbet Distribution Partners

Figure 5-21 Cymbet Distributors

Table 5-22 Cymbet Authorized Resellers

Figure 5-23 Cymbet Industry Awards and Recognition

Table 5-24 Characteristics of Excellatron Batteries

Table 5-25 Technology of Excellatron Batteries

Table 5-26 Excellatron Achievements:

Table 5-27 Excellatron Strategic Relationships

Figure 5-28 Solid-State Lithium-Air Battery (Highlighted In Orange)

Figure 5-29 Toyota Thin Film Batter

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