Summary ICRWorld’s Aluminum potassium fluoride market research report provides the newest industry data and industry future trends, allowing you to identify the products and end users driving Revenue growth and profitability. The industry report lists the leading competitors and provides the insights strategic industry Analysis of the key factors influencing the market. The report includes the forecasts, Analysis and discussion of important industry trends, market size, market share estimates and profiles of the leading industry Players. Global Aluminum potassium fluoride Market: Application Segment Analysis Welding and soldering agents Abrasive Domestic use Abrasive Global Aluminum potassium fluoride Market: Regional Segment Analysis USA Europe Japan China India South East Asia The Players mentioned in our report AMG SOLVAY FLUORIDES Duofuduo Changshu Xinhua Suzhou YOTECH Jiangxi Qucheng Zhejiang Fluorescence Freebee A/S Research Beam Model: Research Beam Product ID: 3132865 2960 USD New
World Aluminum potassium fluoride Market by Product Type, Market, Players and Regions-Forecast to 2023
 
 

World Aluminum potassium fluoride Market by Product Type, Market, Players and Regions-Forecast to 2023

  • Category : Materials and Chemicals
  • Published On : August   2018
  • Pages : 112
  • Publisher : ICR World Research
 
 
 
Summary
ICRWorld’s Aluminum potassium fluoride market research report provides the newest industry data and industry future trends, allowing you to identify the products and end users driving Revenue growth and profitability.
The industry report lists the leading competitors and provides the insights strategic industry Analysis of the key factors influencing the market.
The report includes the forecasts, Analysis and discussion of important industry trends, market size, market share estimates and profiles of the leading industry Players.
Global Aluminum potassium fluoride Market: Application Segment Analysis
Welding and soldering agents
Abrasive
Domestic use
Abrasive
Global Aluminum potassium fluoride Market: Regional Segment Analysis
USA
Europe
Japan
China
India
South East Asia
The Players mentioned in our report
AMG
SOLVAY FLUORIDES
Duofuduo
Changshu Xinhua
Suzhou YOTECH
Jiangxi Qucheng
Zhejiang Fluorescence
Freebee A/S
Table of Content

Chapter 1 About the Aluminum potassium fluoride Industry
1.1 Industry Definition and Types
1.2 Main Market Activities
1.3 Similar Industries
1.4 Industry at a Glance

Chapter 2 World Market Competition Landscape
2.1 Aluminum potassium fluoride Markets by Regions
2.1.1 USA
Market Revenue (M USD) and Growth Rate 2013-2023
Sales and Growth Rate 2013-2023
Major Players Revenue (M USD) in 2018
2.1.2 Europe
Market Revenue (M USD) and Growth Rate 2013-2023
Sales and Growth Rate 2013-2023
Major Players Revenue (M USD) in 2018
2.1.3 China
Market Revenue (M USD) and Growth Rate 2013-2023
Sales and Growth Rate 2013-2023
Major Players Revenue (M USD) in 2018
2.1.4 India
Market Revenue (M USD) and Growth Rate 2013-2023
Sales and Growth Rate 2013-2023
Major Players Revenue (M USD) in 2018
2.1.5 Japan
Market Revenue (M USD) and Growth Rate 2013-2023
Sales and Growth Rate 2013-2023
Major Players Revenue (M USD) in 2018
2.1.6 South East Asia
Market Revenue (M USD) and Growth Rate 2013-2023
Sales and Growth Rate 2013-2023
Major Players Revenue (M USD) in 2018
2.2 World Aluminum potassium fluoride Market by Types
2.3 World Aluminum potassium fluoride Market by Applications
Welding and soldering agents
Abrasive
Domestic use
Abrasive
2.4 World Aluminum potassium fluoride Market Analysis
2.4.1 World Aluminum potassium fluoride Market Revenue and Growth Rate 2013-2018
2.4.2 World Aluminum potassium fluoride Market Consumption and Growth rate 2013-2018
2.4.3 World Aluminum potassium fluoride Market Price Analysis 2013-2018

Chapter 3 World Aluminum potassium fluoride Market share
3.1 Major Production Market share by Players
3.2 Major Revenue (M USD) Market share by Players
3.3 Major Production Market share by Regions in 2018, Through 2023
3.4 Major Revenue (M USD) Market share By Regions in 2018, Through 2023

Chapter 4 Supply Chain Analysis
4.1 Industry Supply chain Analysis
4.2 Raw material Market Analysis
4.2.1 Raw material Prices Analysis 2012-2018
4.2.2 Raw material Supply Market Analysis
4.2 Manufacturing Equipment Suppliers Analysis
4.3 Production Process Analysis
4.4 Production Cost Structure Benchmarks
4.5 End users Market Analysis

Chapter 5 Company Profiles
5.1 AMG
5.1.1 Company Details (Foundation Year, Employee Strength and etc)
5.1.2 Product Information (Picture, Specifications and Applications)
5.1.3 Revenue (M USD), Price and Operating Profits
5.2 SOLVAY FLUORIDES
5.2.1 Company Details (Foundation Year, Employee Strength and etc)
5.2.2 Product Information (Picture, Specifications and Applications)
5.2.3 Revenue (M USD), Price and Operating Profits
5.3 Duofuduo
5.3.1 Company Details (Foundation Year, Employee Strength and etc)
5.3.2 Product Information (Picture, Specifications and Applications)
5.3.3 Revenue (M USD), Price and Operating Profits
5.4 Changshu Xinhua
5.4.1 Company Details (Foundation Year, Employee Strength and etc)
5.4.2 Product Information (Picture, Specifications and Applications)
5.4.3 Revenue (M USD), Price and Operating Profits
5.5 Suzhou YOTECH
5.5.1 Company Details (Foundation Year, Employee Strength and etc)
5.5.2 Product Information (Picture, Specifications and Applications)
5.5.3 Revenue (M USD), Price and Operating Profits
5.6 Jiangxi Qucheng
5.6.1 Company Details (Foundation Year, Employee Strength and etc)
5.6.2 Product Information (Picture, Specifications and Applications)
5.6.3 Revenue (M USD), Price and Operating Profits
5.7 Zhejiang Fluorescence
5.7.1 Company Details (Foundation Year, Employee Strength and etc)
5.7.2 Product Information (Picture, Specifications and Applications)
5.7.3 Revenue (M USD), Price and Operating Profits
5.10 Freebee A/S
5.10.1 Company Details (Foundation Year, Employee Strength and etc)
5.10.2 Product Information (Picture, Specifications and Applications)
5.10.3 Revenue (M USD), Price and Operating Profits

Chapter 6 Globalisation & Trade
6.1 Business Locations
6.2 Supply channels
6.3 Marketing strategy
6.4 Barriers to Entry

Chapter 7 Distributors and Customers
7.1 Major Distributors and contact information by Regions
7.2 Major Customers and contact information by Regions

Chapter 8 Import, Export, Consumption and Consumption Value by Major Countries
8.1 USA
8.2 Germany
8.3 China
8.4 Japan
8.5 India

Chapter 9 World Aluminum potassium fluoride Market Forecast through 2023
9.1 World Aluminum potassium fluoride Demand by Regions Forecast through 2023
9.2 World Aluminum potassium fluoride Price(by Regions, Types, Applications)Analysis Forecast through 2023
9.3 World Aluminum potassium fluoride Revenue (M USD)(by Regions, Types, Applications) Forecast through 2023
9.4 World Aluminum potassium fluoride Market Analysis
9.4.1 World Aluminum potassium fluoride Market Revenue and Growth Rate 2013-2018
9.4.2 World Aluminum potassium fluoride Market Consumption and Growth rate 2013-2018
9.4.3 World Aluminum potassium fluoride Market Price Analysis 2013-2018

Chapter 10 Key success factors and Market Overview

Tables and figures
Table Main Market Activities by Regions
Table Market Revenue (M USD) and Growth Rate 2013-2023
Table Major Players Revenue (M USD) in 2018
Table Market Revenue (M USD) and Growth Rate 2013-2023
Table Major Players Revenue (M USD) in 2018
Table Market Revenue (M USD) and Growth Rate 2013-2023
Table Major Players Revenue (M USD) in 2018
Table Market Revenue (M USD) and Growth Rate 2013-2023
Table Major Players Revenue (M USD) in 2018
Table Market Revenue (M USD) and Growth Rate 2013-2023
Table Major Players Revenue (M USD) in 2018
Table Major Production Market share by Players 2018
Table Major Revenue (M USD) Market share by Players 2018
Table Production Market share by Major Regions in 2013-2018
Table Production Market share by Major Regions in 2018-2023
Table Revenue (M USD) Market share by Regions in 2013-2018
Table Revenue (M USD) Market share by Regions in 2018-2023
Table Industry Supply chain Analysis
Table Raw material Prices Analysis 2012-2018
Table Raw material Suppliers Market Analysis
Table Manufacturing Equipment Suppliers Analysis
Figure Production Process Analysis
Figure Production Cost Structure
Table major End Users by Regions
Table AMG Information List
Figure Aluminum potassium fluorideAluminum potassium fluoride Picture, Specifications and Applications of AMG
Table Aluminum potassium fluoride Sales Volume, Price, Operating Cost, Operating Profits, Revenue (M USD) and Profits Margin of AMG 2017-2018
Figure Aluminum potassium fluoride Sales Volume and World Market Share of AMG 2017-2018
Table SOLVAY FLUORIDES Information List
Figure Aluminum potassium fluoride Picture, Specifications and Applications of SOLVAY FLUORIDES
Table Aluminum potassium fluoride Sales Volume, Price, Operating Cost, Operating Profits, Revenue (M USD) and Profits Margin of SOLVAY FLUORIDES 2017-2018
Figure Aluminum potassium fluoride Sales Volume and World Market Share of SOLVAY FLUORIDES 2017-2018
Table Duofuduo Information List
Figure Aluminum potassium fluoride Picture, Specifications and Applications of Duofuduo
Table Aluminum potassium fluoride Sales Volume, Price, Operating Cost, Operating Profits, Revenue (M USD) and Profits Margin of Duofuduo 2017-2018
Figure Aluminum potassium fluoride Sales Volume and World Market Share of Duofuduo 2017-2018
Table Changshu Xinhua Information List
Figure Aluminum potassium fluoride Picture, Specifications and Applications of Changshu Xinhua
Table Aluminum potassium fluoride Sales Volume, Price, Operating Cost, Operating Profits, Revenue (M USD) and Profits Margin of Changshu Xinhua 2017-2018
Figure Aluminum potassium fluoride Sales Volume and World Market Share of Changshu Xinhua 2017-2018
Table Suzhou YOTECH Information List
Figure Aluminum potassium fluoride Picture, Specifications and Applications of Suzhou YOTECH
Table Aluminum potassium fluoride Sales Volume, Price, Operating Cost, Operating Profits, Revenue (M USD) and Profits Margin of Suzhou YOTECH 2017-2018
Figure Aluminum potassium fluoride Sales Volume and World Market Share of Suzhou YOTECH 2017-2018
Table Jiangxi Qucheng Information List
Figure Aluminum potassium fluoride Picture, Specifications and Applications of Jiangxi Qucheng
Table Aluminum potassium fluoride Sales Volume, Price, Operating Cost, Operating Profits, Revenue (M USD) and Profits Margin of Jiangxi Qucheng 2017-2018
Figure Aluminum potassium fluoride Sales Volume and World Market Share of Jiangxi Qucheng 2017-2018
Table Zhejiang Fluorescence Information List
Figure Aluminum potassium fluoride Picture, Specifications and Applications of Zhejiang Fluorescence
Table Aluminum potassium fluoride Sales Volume, Price, Operating Cost, Operating Profits, Revenue (M USD) and Profits Margin of Zhejiang Fluorescence 2017-2018
Figure Aluminum potassium fluoride Sales Volume and World Market Share of Zhejiang Fluorescence 2017-2018
Table Freebee A/S Information List
Figure Aluminum potassium fluoride Picture, Specifications and Applications of Freebee A/S
Table Aluminum potassium fluoride Sales Volume, Price, Operating Cost, Operating Profits, Revenue (M USD) and Profits Margin of Freebee A/S 2017-2018
Figure Aluminum potassium fluoride Sales Volume and World Market Share of Freebee A/S 2017-2018
Table Business Locations
Figure Supply channels
Figure Marketing strategy
Table Barriers Analysis to Entry
Table Major Distributors and contact information by Regions
Table Major Customers and contact information by Regions
Table USA Supply, Import, Export, Consumption and Consumption Value(M USD)
Table Germany Supply, Import, Export, Consumption and Consumption Value(M USD)
Table China Supply, Import, Export, Consumption and Consumption Value(M USD)
Table Japan Supply, Import, Export, Consumption and Consumption Value(M USD)
Table India Supply, Import, Export, Consumption and Consumption Value(M USD)
Table World Demand by Regions Forecast Analysis of Aluminum potassium fluoride (2018-2023)
Table World Price by Regions Forecast Analysis of Aluminum potassium fluoride (2018-2023)
Table World Price by Types Forecast Analysis of Aluminum potassium fluoride (2018-2023)
Table World Price by Applications Forecast Analysis of Aluminum potassium fluoride (2018-2023)
Table World Revenue (M USD) by Regions Forecast Analysis of Aluminum potassium fluoride (2018-2023)
Table World Revenue (M USD) by Types Forecast Analysis of Aluminum potassium fluoride (2018-2023)
Table World Revenue (M USD) by Applications Forecast Analysis of Aluminum potassium fluoride (2018-2023)

















































Table of Content

Chapter 1 About the Aluminum potassium fluoride Industry
1.1 Industry Definition and Types
1.2 Main Market Activities
1.3 Similar Industries
1.4 Industry at a Glance

Chapter 2 World Market Competition Landscape
2.1 Aluminum potassium fluoride Markets by Regions
2.1.1 USA
Market Revenue (M USD) and Growth Rate 2013-2023
Sales and Growth Rate 2013-2023
Major Players Revenue (M USD) in 2018
2.1.2 Europe
Market Revenue (M USD) and Growth Rate 2013-2023
Sales and Growth Rate 2013-2023
Major Players Revenue (M USD) in 2018
2.1.3 China
Market Revenue (M USD) and Growth Rate 2013-2023
Sales and Growth Rate 2013-2023
Major Players Revenue (M USD) in 2018
2.1.4 India
Market Revenue (M USD) and Growth Rate 2013-2023
Sales and Growth Rate 2013-2023
Major Players Revenue (M USD) in 2018
2.1.5 Japan
Market Revenue (M USD) and Growth Rate 2013-2023
Sales and Growth Rate 2013-2023
Major Players Revenue (M USD) in 2018
2.1.6 South East Asia
Market Revenue (M USD) and Growth Rate 2013-2023
Sales and Growth Rate 2013-2023
Major Players Revenue (M USD) in 2018
2.2 World Aluminum potassium fluoride Market by Types
2.3 World Aluminum potassium fluoride Market by Applications
Welding and soldering agents
Abrasive
Domestic use
Abrasive
2.4 World Aluminum potassium fluoride Market Analysis
2.4.1 World Aluminum potassium fluoride Market Revenue and Growth Rate 2013-2018
2.4.2 World Aluminum potassium fluoride Market Consumption and Growth rate 2013-2018
2.4.3 World Aluminum potassium fluoride Market Price Analysis 2013-2018

Chapter 3 World Aluminum potassium fluoride Market share
3.1 Major Production Market share by Players
3.2 Major Revenue (M USD) Market share by Players
3.3 Major Production Market share by Regions in 2018, Through 2023
3.4 Major Revenue (M USD) Market share By Regions in 2018, Through 2023

Chapter 4 Supply Chain Analysis
4.1 Industry Supply chain Analysis
4.2 Raw material Market Analysis
4.2.1 Raw material Prices Analysis 2012-2018
4.2.2 Raw material Supply Market Analysis
4.2 Manufacturing Equipment Suppliers Analysis
4.3 Production Process Analysis
4.4 Production Cost Structure Benchmarks
4.5 End users Market Analysis

Chapter 5 Company Profiles
5.1 AMG
5.1.1 Company Details (Foundation Year, Employee Strength and etc)
5.1.2 Product Information (Picture, Specifications and Applications)
5.1.3 Revenue (M USD), Price and Operating Profits
5.2 SOLVAY FLUORIDES
5.2.1 Company Details (Foundation Year, Employee Strength and etc)
5.2.2 Product Information (Picture, Specifications and Applications)
5.2.3 Revenue (M USD), Price and Operating Profits
5.3 Duofuduo
5.3.1 Company Details (Foundation Year, Employee Strength and etc)
5.3.2 Product Information (Picture, Specifications and Applications)
5.3.3 Revenue (M USD), Price and Operating Profits
5.4 Changshu Xinhua
5.4.1 Company Details (Foundation Year, Employee Strength and etc)
5.4.2 Product Information (Picture, Specifications and Applications)
5.4.3 Revenue (M USD), Price and Operating Profits
5.5 Suzhou YOTECH
5.5.1 Company Details (Foundation Year, Employee Strength and etc)
5.5.2 Product Information (Picture, Specifications and Applications)
5.5.3 Revenue (M USD), Price and Operating Profits
5.6 Jiangxi Qucheng
5.6.1 Company Details (Foundation Year, Employee Strength and etc)
5.6.2 Product Information (Picture, Specifications and Applications)
5.6.3 Revenue (M USD), Price and Operating Profits
5.7 Zhejiang Fluorescence
5.7.1 Company Details (Foundation Year, Employee Strength and etc)
5.7.2 Product Information (Picture, Specifications and Applications)
5.7.3 Revenue (M USD), Price and Operating Profits
5.10 Freebee A/S
5.10.1 Company Details (Foundation Year, Employee Strength and etc)
5.10.2 Product Information (Picture, Specifications and Applications)
5.10.3 Revenue (M USD), Price and Operating Profits

Chapter 6 Globalisation & Trade
6.1 Business Locations
6.2 Supply channels
6.3 Marketing strategy
6.4 Barriers to Entry

Chapter 7 Distributors and Customers
7.1 Major Distributors and contact information by Regions
7.2 Major Customers and contact information by Regions

Chapter 8 Import, Export, Consumption and Consumption Value by Major Countries
8.1 USA
8.2 Germany
8.3 China
8.4 Japan
8.5 India

Chapter 9 World Aluminum potassium fluoride Market Forecast through 2023
9.1 World Aluminum potassium fluoride Demand by Regions Forecast through 2023
9.2 World Aluminum potassium fluoride Price(by Regions, Types, Applications)Analysis Forecast through 2023
9.3 World Aluminum potassium fluoride Revenue (M USD)(by Regions, Types, Applications) Forecast through 2023
9.4 World Aluminum potassium fluoride Market Analysis
9.4.1 World Aluminum potassium fluoride Market Revenue and Growth Rate 2013-2018
9.4.2 World Aluminum potassium fluoride Market Consumption and Growth rate 2013-2018
9.4.3 World Aluminum potassium fluoride Market Price Analysis 2013-2018

Chapter 10 Key success factors and Market Overview

Tables and figures
Table Main Market Activities by Regions
Table Market Revenue (M USD) and Growth Rate 2013-2023
Table Major Players Revenue (M USD) in 2018
Table Market Revenue (M USD) and Growth Rate 2013-2023
Table Major Players Revenue (M USD) in 2018
Table Market Revenue (M USD) and Growth Rate 2013-2023
Table Major Players Revenue (M USD) in 2018
Table Market Revenue (M USD) and Growth Rate 2013-2023
Table Major Players Revenue (M USD) in 2018
Table Market Revenue (M USD) and Growth Rate 2013-2023
Table Major Players Revenue (M USD) in 2018
Table Major Production Market share by Players 2018
Table Major Revenue (M USD) Market share by Players 2018
Table Production Market share by Major Regions in 2013-2018
Table Production Market share by Major Regions in 2018-2023
Table Revenue (M USD) Market share by Regions in 2013-2018
Table Revenue (M USD) Market share by Regions in 2018-2023
Table Industry Supply chain Analysis
Table Raw material Prices Analysis 2012-2018
Table Raw material Suppliers Market Analysis
Table Manufacturing Equipment Suppliers Analysis
Figure Production Process Analysis
Figure Production Cost Structure
Table major End Users by Regions
Table AMG Information List
Figure Aluminum potassium fluorideAluminum potassium fluoride Picture, Specifications and Applications of AMG
Table Aluminum potassium fluoride Sales Volume, Price, Operating Cost, Operating Profits, Revenue (M USD) and Profits Margin of AMG 2017-2018
Figure Aluminum potassium fluoride Sales Volume and World Market Share of AMG 2017-2018
Table SOLVAY FLUORIDES Information List
Figure Aluminum potassium fluoride Picture, Specifications and Applications of SOLVAY FLUORIDES
Table Aluminum potassium fluoride Sales Volume, Price, Operating Cost, Operating Profits, Revenue (M USD) and Profits Margin of SOLVAY FLUORIDES 2017-2018
Figure Aluminum potassium fluoride Sales Volume and World Market Share of SOLVAY FLUORIDES 2017-2018
Table Duofuduo Information List
Figure Aluminum potassium fluoride Picture, Specifications and Applications of Duofuduo
Table Aluminum potassium fluoride Sales Volume, Price, Operating Cost, Operating Profits, Revenue (M USD) and Profits Margin of Duofuduo 2017-2018
Figure Aluminum potassium fluoride Sales Volume and World Market Share of Duofuduo 2017-2018
Table Changshu Xinhua Information List
Figure Aluminum potassium fluoride Picture, Specifications and Applications of Changshu Xinhua
Table Aluminum potassium fluoride Sales Volume, Price, Operating Cost, Operating Profits, Revenue (M USD) and Profits Margin of Changshu Xinhua 2017-2018
Figure Aluminum potassium fluoride Sales Volume and World Market Share of Changshu Xinhua 2017-2018
Table Suzhou YOTECH Information List
Figure Aluminum potassium fluoride Picture, Specifications and Applications of Suzhou YOTECH
Table Aluminum potassium fluoride Sales Volume, Price, Operating Cost, Operating Profits, Revenue (M USD) and Profits Margin of Suzhou YOTECH 2017-2018
Figure Aluminum potassium fluoride Sales Volume and World Market Share of Suzhou YOTECH 2017-2018
Table Jiangxi Qucheng Information List
Figure Aluminum potassium fluoride Picture, Specifications and Applications of Jiangxi Qucheng
Table Aluminum potassium fluoride Sales Volume, Price, Operating Cost, Operating Profits, Revenue (M USD) and Profits Margin of Jiangxi Qucheng 2017-2018
Figure Aluminum potassium fluoride Sales Volume and World Market Share of Jiangxi Qucheng 2017-2018
Table Zhejiang Fluorescence Information List
Figure Aluminum potassium fluoride Picture, Specifications and Applications of Zhejiang Fluorescence
Table Aluminum potassium fluoride Sales Volume, Price, Operating Cost, Operating Profits, Revenue (M USD) and Profits Margin of Zhejiang Fluorescence 2017-2018
Figure Aluminum potassium fluoride Sales Volume and World Market Share of Zhejiang Fluorescence 2017-2018
Table Freebee A/S Information List
Figure Aluminum potassium fluoride Picture, Specifications and Applications of Freebee A/S
Table Aluminum potassium fluoride Sales Volume, Price, Operating Cost, Operating Profits, Revenue (M USD) and Profits Margin of Freebee A/S 2017-2018
Figure Aluminum potassium fluoride Sales Volume and World Market Share of Freebee A/S 2017-2018
Table Business Locations
Figure Supply channels
Figure Marketing strategy
Table Barriers Analysis to Entry
Table Major Distributors and contact information by Regions
Table Major Customers and contact information by Regions
Table USA Supply, Import, Export, Consumption and Consumption Value(M USD)
Table Germany Supply, Import, Export, Consumption and Consumption Value(M USD)
Table China Supply, Import, Export, Consumption and Consumption Value(M USD)
Table Japan Supply, Import, Export, Consumption and Consumption Value(M USD)
Table India Supply, Import, Export, Consumption and Consumption Value(M USD)
Table World Demand by Regions Forecast Analysis of Aluminum potassium fluoride (2018-2023)
Table World Price by Regions Forecast Analysis of Aluminum potassium fluoride (2018-2023)
Table World Price by Types Forecast Analysis of Aluminum potassium fluoride (2018-2023)
Table World Price by Applications Forecast Analysis of Aluminum potassium fluoride (2018-2023)
Table World Revenue (M USD) by Regions Forecast Analysis of Aluminum potassium fluoride (2018-2023)
Table World Revenue (M USD) by Types Forecast Analysis of Aluminum potassium fluoride (2018-2023)
Table World Revenue (M USD) by Applications Forecast Analysis of Aluminum potassium fluoride (2018-2023)
















































PURCHASE OPTIONS
 
 
 

How can we help you?

Contact us at the Consulting WP office nearest to you or submit a business inquiry online.


  Contact
 

Subscribe to Our Newsletter

 
 
REQUEST SAMPLE    ASK FOR DISCOUNT